<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
  <head>
    <meta charset="utf-8">
    <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
    <title>perl5281delta - what is new for perl v5.28.1 - Perldoc Browser</title>
    <link rel="search" href="https://perldoc.perl.org/opensearch.xml" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" title="Perldoc Browser">
    <link rel="canonical" href="https://perldoc.perl.org/perl5281delta">
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://stackpath.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/4.5.2/css/bootstrap.min.css" integrity="sha384-JcKb8q3iqJ61gNV9KGb8thSsNjpSL0n8PARn9HuZOnIxN0hoP+VmmDGMN5t9UJ0Z" crossorigin="anonymous">
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/highlight.js/10.5.0/styles/stackoverflow-light.min.css" integrity="sha512-cG1IdFxqipi3gqLmksLtuk13C+hBa57a6zpWxMeoY3Q9O6ooFxq50DayCdm0QrDgZjMUn23z/0PMZlgft7Yp5Q==" crossorigin="anonymous" />
    <style>
      body {
        background: #f4f4f5;
        color: #020202;
      }
      .navbar-dark {
        background-image: -webkit-linear-gradient(top, #005f85 0, #002e49 100%);
        background-image: -o-linear-gradient(top, #005f85 0, #002e49 100%);
        background-image: linear-gradient(to bottom, #005f85 0, #002e49 100%);
        filter: progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.gradient(startColorstr='#ff005f85', endColorstr='#ff002e49', GradientType=0);
        background-repeat: repeat-x;
      }
      .navbar-dark .navbar-nav .nav-link,
      .navbar-dark .navbar-nav .nav-link:focus { color: #fff }
      .navbar-dark .navbar-nav .nav-link:hover { color: #ffef68 }
      #wrapperlicious {
        margin: 0 auto;
        font: 0.9em 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, sans-serif;
        font-weight: normal;
        line-height: 1.5em;
        margin: 0;
        padding: 0;
      }
      #wrapperlicious h1 { font-size: 1.5em }
      #wrapperlicious h2 { font-size: 1.3em }
      #wrapperlicious h3 { font-size: 1.1em }
      #wrapperlicious h4 { font-size: 0.9em }
      #wrapperlicious h1, #wrapperlicious h2, #wrapperlicious h3,
      #wrapperlicious h4, #wrapperlicious dt {
        color: #020202;
        margin-top: 1em;
        margin-bottom: 1em;
        position: relative;
        font-weight: bold;
      }
      #wrapperlicious a { color: inherit; text-decoration: underline }
      #wrapperlicious #toc { text-decoration: none }
      #wrapperlicious a:hover { color: #2a2a2a }
      #wrapperlicious a img { border: 0 }
      #wrapperlicious :not(pre) > code {
        color: inherit;
        background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.04);
        border-radius: 3px;
        font: 0.9em Consolas, Menlo, Monaco, monospace;
        padding: 0.3em;
      }
      #wrapperlicious dd {
        margin: 0;
        margin-left: 2em;
      }
      #wrapperlicious dt {
        color: #2a2a2a;
        font-weight: bold;
        margin-left: 0.9em;
      }
      #wrapperlicious p {
        margin-bottom: 1em;
        margin-top: 1em;
      }
      #wrapperlicious li > p {
        margin-bottom: 0;
        margin-top: 0;
      }
      #wrapperlicious pre {
        border: 1px solid #c1c1c1;
        border-radius: 3px;
        font: 100% Consolas, Menlo, Monaco, monospace;
        margin-bottom: 1em;
        margin-top: 1em;
      }
      #wrapperlicious pre > code {
        display: block;
        background-color: #f6f6f6;
        font: 0.9em Consolas, Menlo, Monaco, monospace;
        line-height: 1.5em;
        text-align: left;
        white-space: pre;
        padding: 1em;
      }
      #wrapperlicious dl, #wrapperlicious ol, #wrapperlicious ul {
        margin-bottom: 1em;
        margin-top: 1em;
      }
      #wrapperlicious ul {
        list-style-type: square;
      }
      #wrapperlicious ul ul {
        margin-bottom: 0px;
        margin-top: 0px;
      }
      #footer {
        font-size: 0.8em;
        padding-top: 0.5em;
        text-align: center;
      }
      #more {
        display: inline;
        font-size: 0.8em;
      }
      #perldocdiv {
        background-color: #fff;
        border: 1px solid #c1c1c1;
        border-bottom-left-radius: 5px;
        border-bottom-right-radius: 5px;
        margin-left: auto;
        margin-right: auto;
        padding: 3em;
        padding-top: 1em;
        max-width: 960px;
      }
      #moduleversion { float: right }
      #wrapperlicious .leading-notice {
        font-style: italic;
        padding-left: 1em;
        margin-top: 1em;
        margin-bottom: 1em;
      }
      #wrapperlicious .permalink {
        display: none;
        left: -0.75em;
        position: absolute;
        padding-right: 0.25em;
        text-decoration: none;
      }
      #wrapperlicious h1:hover .permalink, #wrapperlicious h2:hover .permalink,
      #wrapperlicious h3:hover .permalink, #wrapperlicious h4:hover .permalink,
      #wrapperlicious dt:hover .permalink {
        display: block;
      }
    </style>
    <!-- Global site tag (gtag.js) - Google Analytics -->
    <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-KVNWBNT5FB"></script>
    <script>
      window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || [];
      function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);}
      gtag('js', new Date());

      gtag('config', 'G-KVNWBNT5FB');
      gtag('config', 'UA-50555-3');
    </script>
  </head>
  <body>
    <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-md navbar-dark bg-dark justify-content-between">
  <button class="navbar-toggler" type="button" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#navbarNav" aria-controls="navbarNav" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Toggle navigation">
    <span class="navbar-toggler-icon"></span>
  </button>
  <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://perldoc.perl.org/">Perldoc Browser</a>
  <div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id="navbarNav">
    <ul class="navbar-nav mr-auto">
      <li class="nav-item dropdown text-nowrap">
        <a class="nav-link dropdown-toggle" href="perl5281delta.html#" id="dropdownlink-stable" role="button" data-toggle="dropdown" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false">5.35.0</a>
        <div class="dropdown-menu" aria-labelledby="dropdownlink-stable">
          <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://perldoc.perl.org/perl5281delta">Latest</a>
          <div class="dropdown-divider"></div>
          <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://perldoc.perl.org/5.38.2/perl5281delta">5.38.2</a>
          <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://perldoc.perl.org/5.38.1/perl5281delta">5.38.1</a>
          <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://perldoc.perl.org/5.38.0/perl5281delta">5.38.0</a>
          <div class="dropdown-divider"></div>
          <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://perldoc.perl.org/5.36.3/perl5281delta">5.36.3</a>
          <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://perldoc.perl.org/5.36.2/perl5281delta">5.36.2</a>
          <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://perldoc.perl.org/5.36.1/perl5281delta">5.36.1</a>
          <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://perldoc.perl.org/5.36.0/perl5281delta">5.36.0</a>
          <div class="dropdown-divider"></div>
          <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://perldoc.perl.org/5.34.3/perl5281delta">5.34.3</a>
          <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://perldoc.perl.org/5.34.2/perl5281delta">5.34.2</a>
          <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://perldoc.perl.org/5.34.1/perl5281delta">5.34.1</a>
          <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://perldoc.perl.org/5.34.0/perl5281delta">5.34.0</a>
          <div class="dropdown-divider"></div>
          <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://perldoc.perl.org/5.32.1/perl5281delta">5.32.1</a>
          <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://perldoc.perl.org/5.32.0/perl5281delta">5.32.0</a>
          <div class="dropdown-divider"></div>
          <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://perldoc.perl.org/5.30.3/perl5281delta">5.30.3</a>
          <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://perldoc.perl.org/5.30.2/perl5281delta">5.30.2</a>
          <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://perldoc.perl.org/5.30.1/perl5281delta">5.30.1</a>
          <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://perldoc.perl.org/5.30.0/perl5281delta">5.30.0</a>
          <div class="dropdown-divider"></div>
          <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://perldoc.perl.org/5.28.3/perl5281delta">5.28.3</a>
          <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://perldoc.perl.org/5.28.2/perl5281delta">5.28.2</a>
          <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://perldoc.perl.org/5.28.1/perl5281delta">5.28.1</a>
          <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://perldoc.perl.org/5.28.0/perl5281delta">5.28.0</a>
          <div class="dropdown-divider"></div>
          <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://perldoc.perl.org/5.26.3/perl5281delta">5.26.3</a>
          <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://perldoc.perl.org/5.26.2/perl5281delta">5.26.2</a>
          <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://perldoc.perl.org/5.26.1/perl5281delta">5.26.1</a>
          <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://perldoc.perl.org/5.26.0/perl5281delta">5.26.0</a>
          <div class="dropdown-divider"></div>
          <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://perldoc.perl.org/5.24.4/perl5281delta">5.24.4</a>
          <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://perldoc.perl.org/5.24.3/perl5281delta">5.24.3</a>
          <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://perldoc.perl.org/5.24.2/perl5281delta">5.24.2</a>
          <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://perldoc.perl.org/5.24.1/perl5281delta">5.24.1</a>
          <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://perldoc.perl.org/5.24.0/perl5281delta">5.24.0</a>
          <div class="dropdown-divider"></div>
          <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://perldoc.perl.org/5.22.4/perl5281delta">5.22.4</a>
          <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://perldoc.perl.org/5.22.3/perl5281delta">5.22.3</a>
          <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://perldoc.perl.org/5.22.2/perl5281delta">5.22.2</a>
          <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://perldoc.perl.org/5.22.1/perl5281delta">5.22.1</a>
          <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://perldoc.perl.org/5.22.0/perl5281delta">5.22.0</a>
          <div class="dropdown-divider"></div>
          <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://perldoc.perl.org/5.20.3/perl5281delta">5.20.3</a>
          <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://perldoc.perl.org/5.20.2/perl5281delta">5.20.2</a>
          <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://perldoc.perl.org/5.20.1/perl5281delta">5.20.1</a>
          <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://perldoc.perl.org/5.20.0/perl5281delta">5.20.0</a>
          <div class="dropdown-divider"></div>
          <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://perldoc.perl.org/5.18.4/perl5281delta">5.18.4</a>
          <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://perldoc.perl.org/5.18.3/perl5281delta">5.18.3</a>
          <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://perldoc.perl.org/5.18.2/perl5281delta">5.18.2</a>
          <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://perldoc.perl.org/5.18.1/perl5281delta">5.18.1</a>
          <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://perldoc.perl.org/5.18.0/perl5281delta">5.18.0</a>
          <div class="dropdown-divider"></div>
          <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://perldoc.perl.org/5.16.3/perl5281delta">5.16.3</a>
          <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://perldoc.perl.org/5.16.2/perl5281delta">5.16.2</a>
          <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://perldoc.perl.org/5.16.1/perl5281delta">5.16.1</a>
          <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://perldoc.perl.org/5.16.0/perl5281delta">5.16.0</a>
          <div class="dropdown-divider"></div>
          <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://perldoc.perl.org/5.14.4/perl5281delta">5.14.4</a>
          <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://perldoc.perl.org/5.14.3/perl5281delta">5.14.3</a>
          <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://perldoc.perl.org/5.14.2/perl5281delta">5.14.2</a>
          <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://perldoc.perl.org/5.14.1/perl5281delta">5.14.1</a>
          <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://perldoc.perl.org/5.14.0/perl5281delta">5.14.0</a>
          <div class="dropdown-divider"></div>
          <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://perldoc.perl.org/5.12.5/perl5281delta">5.12.5</a>
          <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://perldoc.perl.org/5.12.4/perl5281delta">5.12.4</a>
          <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://perldoc.perl.org/5.12.3/perl5281delta">5.12.3</a>
          <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://perldoc.perl.org/5.12.2/perl5281delta">5.12.2</a>
          <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://perldoc.perl.org/5.12.1/perl5281delta">5.12.1</a>
          <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://perldoc.perl.org/5.12.0/perl5281delta">5.12.0</a>
          <div class="dropdown-divider"></div>
          <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://perldoc.perl.org/5.10.1/perl5281delta">5.10.1</a>
          <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://perldoc.perl.org/5.10.0/perl5281delta">5.10.0</a>
          <div class="dropdown-divider"></div>
          <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://perldoc.perl.org/5.8.9/perl5281delta">5.8.9</a>
          <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://perldoc.perl.org/5.8.8/perl5281delta">5.8.8</a>
          <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://perldoc.perl.org/5.8.7/perl5281delta">5.8.7</a>
          <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://perldoc.perl.org/5.8.6/perl5281delta">5.8.6</a>
          <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://perldoc.perl.org/5.8.5/perl5281delta">5.8.5</a>
          <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://perldoc.perl.org/5.8.4/perl5281delta">5.8.4</a>
          <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://perldoc.perl.org/5.8.3/perl5281delta">5.8.3</a>
          <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://perldoc.perl.org/5.8.2/perl5281delta">5.8.2</a>
          <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://perldoc.perl.org/5.8.1/perl5281delta">5.8.1</a>
          <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://perldoc.perl.org/5.8.0/perl5281delta">5.8.0</a>
          <div class="dropdown-divider"></div>
          <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://perldoc.perl.org/5.6.2/perl5281delta">5.6.2</a>
          <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://perldoc.perl.org/5.6.1/perl5281delta">5.6.1</a>
          <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://perldoc.perl.org/5.6.0/perl5281delta">5.6.0</a>
          <div class="dropdown-divider"></div>
          <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://perldoc.perl.org/5.005_04/perl5281delta">5.005_04</a>
          <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://perldoc.perl.org/5.005_03/perl5281delta">5.005_03</a>
          <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://perldoc.perl.org/5.005_02/perl5281delta">5.005_02</a>
          <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://perldoc.perl.org/5.005_01/perl5281delta">5.005_01</a>
          <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://perldoc.perl.org/5.005/perl5281delta">5.005</a>
        </div>
      </li>
      <li class="nav-item dropdown text-nowrap">
        <a class="nav-link dropdown-toggle" href="perl5281delta.html#" id="dropdownlink-dev" role="button" data-toggle="dropdown" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false">Dev</a>
        <div class="dropdown-menu" aria-labelledby="dropdownlink-dev">
          <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://perldoc.perl.org/blead/perl5281delta">blead</a>
          <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://perldoc.perl.org/5.39.6/perl5281delta">5.39.6</a>
          <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://perldoc.perl.org/5.39.5/perl5281delta">5.39.5</a>
          <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://perldoc.perl.org/5.39.4/perl5281delta">5.39.4</a>
          <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://perldoc.perl.org/5.39.3/perl5281delta">5.39.3</a>
          <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://perldoc.perl.org/5.39.2/perl5281delta">5.39.2</a>
          <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://perldoc.perl.org/5.39.1/perl5281delta">5.39.1</a>
          <div class="dropdown-divider"></div>
          <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://perldoc.perl.org/5.38.0-RC2/perl5281delta">5.38.0-RC2</a>
          <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://perldoc.perl.org/5.38.0-RC1/perl5281delta">5.38.0-RC1</a>
          <div class="dropdown-divider"></div>
          <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://perldoc.perl.org/5.37.11/perl5281delta">5.37.11</a>
          <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://perldoc.perl.org/5.37.10/perl5281delta">5.37.10</a>
          <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://perldoc.perl.org/5.37.9/perl5281delta">5.37.9</a>
          <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://perldoc.perl.org/5.37.8/perl5281delta">5.37.8</a>
          <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://perldoc.perl.org/5.37.7/perl5281delta">5.37.7</a>
          <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://perldoc.perl.org/5.37.6/perl5281delta">5.37.6</a>
          <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://perldoc.perl.org/5.37.5/perl5281delta">5.37.5</a>
          <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://perldoc.perl.org/5.37.4/perl5281delta">5.37.4</a>
          <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://perldoc.perl.org/5.37.3/perl5281delta">5.37.3</a>
          <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://perldoc.perl.org/5.37.2/perl5281delta">5.37.2</a>
          <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://perldoc.perl.org/5.37.1/perl5281delta">5.37.1</a>
          <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://perldoc.perl.org/5.37.0/perl5281delta">5.37.0</a>
          <div class="dropdown-divider"></div>
          <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://perldoc.perl.org/5.35.11/perl5281delta">5.35.11</a>
          <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://perldoc.perl.org/5.35.10/perl5281delta">5.35.10</a>
          <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://perldoc.perl.org/5.35.9/perl5281delta">5.35.9</a>
          <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://perldoc.perl.org/5.35.8/perl5281delta">5.35.8</a>
          <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://perldoc.perl.org/5.35.7/perl5281delta">5.35.7</a>
          <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://perldoc.perl.org/5.35.6/perl5281delta">5.35.6</a>
          <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://perldoc.perl.org/5.35.5/perl5281delta">5.35.5</a>
          <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://perldoc.perl.org/5.35.4/perl5281delta">5.35.4</a>
          <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://perldoc.perl.org/5.35.3/perl5281delta">5.35.3</a>
          <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://perldoc.perl.org/5.35.2/perl5281delta">5.35.2</a>
          <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://perldoc.perl.org/5.35.1/perl5281delta">5.35.1</a>
          <a class="dropdown-item active" href="perl5281delta.html">5.35.0</a>
        </div>
      </li>
      <li class="nav-item dropdown text-nowrap">
        <a class="nav-link dropdown-toggle" href="perl5281delta.html#" id="dropdownlink-nav" role="button" data-toggle="dropdown" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false">Documentation</a>
        <div class="dropdown-menu" aria-labelledby="dropdownlink-nav">
          <a class="dropdown-item" href="perl.html">Perl</a>
          <a class="dropdown-item" href="perlintro.html">Intro</a>
          <a class="dropdown-item" href="perl.html#Tutorials">Tutorials</a>
          <a class="dropdown-item" href="perlfaq.html">FAQs</a>
          <a class="dropdown-item" href="perl.html#Reference-Manual">Reference</a>
          <div class="dropdown-divider"></div>
          <a class="dropdown-item" href="perlop.html">Operators</a>
          <a class="dropdown-item" href="functions.html">Functions</a>
          <a class="dropdown-item" href="variables.html">Variables</a>
          <a class="dropdown-item" href="modules.html">Modules</a>
          <a class="dropdown-item" href="perlutil.html">Utilities</a>
          <div class="dropdown-divider"></div>
          <a class="dropdown-item" href="perlcommunity.html">Community</a>
          <a class="dropdown-item" href="perlhist.html">History</a>
        </div>
      </li>
    </ul>
    <ul class="navbar-nav">
      <script>
        function set_expand (expand) {
          var perldocdiv = document.getElementById('perldocdiv');
          var width = window.getComputedStyle(perldocdiv).getPropertyValue('max-width');
          var expanded = (width == '' || width == 'none') ? true : false;
          if (expand === null) {
            expand = !expanded;
          }
          if ((expand && !expanded) || (!expand && expanded)) {
            perldocdiv.style.setProperty('max-width', expand ? 'none' : '960px');
            var button_classlist = document.getElementById('content-expand-button').classList;
            if (expand) {
              button_classlist.add('btn-light');
              button_classlist.remove('btn-outline-light');
            } else {
              button_classlist.add('btn-outline-light');
              button_classlist.remove('btn-light');
            }
          }
          return expand;
        }
        function toggle_expand () {
          var expand = set_expand(null);
          document.cookie = 'perldoc_expand=' + (expand ? 1 : 0) + '; path=/; expires=Tue, 19 Jan 2038 03:14:07 UTC';
        }
        function read_expand () {
          return document.cookie.split(';').some(function (item) { return item.indexOf('perldoc_expand=1') >= 0 });
        }
        if (document.readyState === 'loading') {
          document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', function () {
            if (read_expand()) {
              set_expand(true);
            }
          });
        } else if (read_expand()) {
          set_expand(true);
        }
      </script>
      <button id="content-expand-button" type="button" class="btn btn-outline-light d-none d-lg-inline-block mr-2" onclick="toggle_expand()">Expand</button>
    <ul>
    <form class="form-inline" method="get" action="https://perldoc.perl.org/5.35.0/search">
      <input class="form-control mr-3" type="search" name="q" placeholder="Search" aria-label="Search">
    </form>
  </div>
</nav>

    <div id="wrapperlicious" class="container-fluid">
      <div id="perldocdiv">
        <div id="links">
          <a href="perl5281delta.html">perl5281delta</a>
          <div id="more">
            (<a href="perl5281delta.txt">source</a>,
            <a href="https://metacpan.org/pod/perl5281delta">CPAN</a>)
          </div>
        </div>
        <div class="leading-notice">
          You are viewing the version of this documentation from Perl 5.35.0.
            This is a development version of Perl.
        </div>
        <h1><a id="toc">CONTENTS</a></h1>
                  <ul>
              <li>
                <a class="text-decoration-none" href="perl5281delta.html#NAME">NAME</a>
              </li>
              <li>
                <a class="text-decoration-none" href="perl5281delta.html#DESCRIPTION">DESCRIPTION</a>
              </li>
              <li>
                <a class="text-decoration-none" href="perl5281delta.html#Security">Security</a>
                            <ul>
              <li>
                <a class="text-decoration-none" href="perl5281delta.html#%5BCVE-2018-18311%5D-Integer-overflow-leading-to-buffer-overflow-and-segmentation-fault">[CVE-2018-18311] Integer overflow leading to buffer overflow and segmentation fault</a>
              </li>
              <li>
                <a class="text-decoration-none" href="perl5281delta.html#%5BCVE-2018-18312%5D-Heap-buffer-overflow-write-in-S_regatom-(regcomp.c)">[CVE-2018-18312] Heap-buffer-overflow write in S_regatom (regcomp.c)</a>
              </li>
          </ul>

              </li>
              <li>
                <a class="text-decoration-none" href="perl5281delta.html#Incompatible-Changes">Incompatible Changes</a>
              </li>
              <li>
                <a class="text-decoration-none" href="perl5281delta.html#Modules-and-Pragmata">Modules and Pragmata</a>
                            <ul>
              <li>
                <a class="text-decoration-none" href="perl5281delta.html#Updated-Modules-and-Pragmata">Updated Modules and Pragmata</a>
              </li>
          </ul>

              </li>
              <li>
                <a class="text-decoration-none" href="perl5281delta.html#Selected-Bug-Fixes">Selected Bug Fixes</a>
              </li>
              <li>
                <a class="text-decoration-none" href="perl5281delta.html#Acknowledgements">Acknowledgements</a>
              </li>
              <li>
                <a class="text-decoration-none" href="perl5281delta.html#Reporting-Bugs">Reporting Bugs</a>
              </li>
              <li>
                <a class="text-decoration-none" href="perl5281delta.html#Give-Thanks">Give Thanks</a>
              </li>
              <li>
                <a class="text-decoration-none" href="perl5281delta.html#SEE-ALSO">SEE ALSO</a>
              </li>
          </ul>

      <h1 id="NAME"><a class="permalink" href="perl5281delta.html#NAME">#</a>NAME</h1>

<p>perl5281delta - what is new for perl v5.28.1</p>

<h1 id="DESCRIPTION"><a class="permalink" href="perl5281delta.html#DESCRIPTION">#</a>DESCRIPTION</h1>

<p>This document describes differences between the 5.28.0 release and the 5.28.1 release.</p>

<p>If you are upgrading from an earlier release such as 5.26.0, first read <a href="perl5280delta.html">perl5280delta</a>, which describes differences between 5.26.0 and 5.28.0.</p>

<h1 id="Security"><a class="permalink" href="perl5281delta.html#Security">#</a>Security</h1>

<h2 id="[CVE-2018-18311]-Integer-overflow-leading-to-buffer-overflow-and-segmentation-fault"><a class="permalink" href="perl5281delta.html#%5BCVE-2018-18311%5D-Integer-overflow-leading-to-buffer-overflow-and-segmentation-fault">#</a><a id="CVE-2018-18311-Integer-overflow-leading-to-buffer-overflow-and-segmentation-fault"></a>[CVE-2018-18311] Integer overflow leading to buffer overflow and segmentation fault</h2>

<p>Integer arithmetic in <code>Perl_my_setenv()</code> could wrap when the combined length of the environment variable name and value exceeded around 0x7fffffff. This could lead to writing beyond the end of an allocated buffer with attacker supplied data.</p>

<p><a href="https://github.com/Perl/perl5/issues/16560">[GH #16560]</a></p>

<h2 id="[CVE-2018-18312]-Heap-buffer-overflow-write-in-S_regatom-(regcomp.c)"><a class="permalink" href="perl5281delta.html#%5BCVE-2018-18312%5D-Heap-buffer-overflow-write-in-S_regatom-(regcomp.c)">#</a><a id="CVE-2018-18312-Heap-buffer-overflow-write-in-S_regatom-regcomp.c"></a>[CVE-2018-18312] Heap-buffer-overflow write in S_regatom (regcomp.c)</h2>

<p>A crafted regular expression could cause heap-buffer-overflow write during compilation, potentially allowing arbitrary code execution.</p>

<p><a href="https://github.com/Perl/perl5/issues/16649">[GH #16649]</a></p>

<h1 id="Incompatible-Changes"><a class="permalink" href="perl5281delta.html#Incompatible-Changes">#</a><a id="Incompatible"></a>Incompatible Changes</h1>

<p>There are no changes intentionally incompatible with 5.28.0. If any exist, they are bugs, and we request that you submit a report. See <a href="perl5281delta.html#Reporting-Bugs">&quot;Reporting Bugs&quot;</a> below.</p>

<h1 id="Modules-and-Pragmata"><a class="permalink" href="perl5281delta.html#Modules-and-Pragmata">#</a><a id="Modules"></a>Modules and Pragmata</h1>

<h2 id="Updated-Modules-and-Pragmata"><a class="permalink" href="perl5281delta.html#Updated-Modules-and-Pragmata">#</a><a id="Updated"></a>Updated Modules and Pragmata</h2>

<ul>

<li><p><a href="./Module::CoreList.html">Module::CoreList</a> has been upgraded from version 5.20180622 to 5.20181129_28.</p>

</li>
</ul>

<h1 id="Selected-Bug-Fixes"><a class="permalink" href="perl5281delta.html#Selected-Bug-Fixes">#</a><a id="Selected"></a>Selected Bug Fixes</h1>

<ul>

<li><p>Perl 5.28 introduced an <code>index()</code> optimization when comparing to -1 (or indirectly, e.g. &gt;= 0). When this optimization was triggered inside a <code>when</code> clause it caused a warning (&quot;Argument %s isn&#39;t numeric in smart match&quot;). This has now been fixed. <a href="https://github.com/Perl/perl5/issues/16626">[GH #16626]</a></p>

</li>
<li><p>Matching of decimal digits in script runs, introduced in Perl 5.28, had a bug that led to <code>&quot;1\N{THAI DIGIT FIVE}&quot;</code> matching <code>/^(*sr:\d+)$/</code> when it should not. This has now been fixed.</p>

</li>
<li><p>The new in-place editing code no longer leaks directory handles. <a href="https://github.com/Perl/perl5/issues/16602">[GH #16602]</a></p>

</li>
</ul>

<h1 id="Acknowledgements"><a class="permalink" href="perl5281delta.html#Acknowledgements">#</a>Acknowledgements</h1>

<p>Perl 5.28.1 represents approximately 5 months of development since Perl 5.28.0 and contains approximately 6,100 lines of changes across 44 files from 12 authors.</p>

<p>Excluding auto-generated files, documentation and release tools, there were approximately 700 lines of changes to 12 .pm, .t, .c and .h files.</p>

<p>Perl continues to flourish into its fourth decade thanks to a vibrant community of users and developers. The following people are known to have contributed the improvements that became Perl 5.28.1:</p>

<p>Aaron Crane, Abigail, Chris &#39;BinGOs&#39; Williams, Dagfinn Ilmari Mannsåker, David Mitchell, James E Keenan, John SJ Anderson, Karen Etheridge, Karl Williamson, Sawyer X, Steve Hay, Tony Cook.</p>

<p>The list above is almost certainly incomplete as it is automatically generated from version control history. In particular, it does not include the names of the (very much appreciated) contributors who reported issues to the Perl bug tracker.</p>

<p>Many of the changes included in this version originated in the CPAN modules included in Perl&#39;s core. We&#39;re grateful to the entire CPAN community for helping Perl to flourish.</p>

<p>For a more complete list of all of Perl&#39;s historical contributors, please see the <i>AUTHORS</i> file in the Perl source distribution.</p>

<h1 id="Reporting-Bugs"><a class="permalink" href="perl5281delta.html#Reporting-Bugs">#</a><a id="Reporting"></a>Reporting Bugs</h1>

<p>If you find what you think is a bug, you might check the perl bug database at <a href="https://rt.perl.org/">https://rt.perl.org/</a> . There may also be information at <a href="http://www.perl.org/">http://www.perl.org/</a> , the Perl Home Page.</p>

<p>If you believe you have an unreported bug, please run the <a href="perlbug.html">perlbug</a> program included with your release. Be sure to trim your bug down to a tiny but sufficient test case. Your bug report, along with the output of <code>perl -V</code>, will be sent off to perlbug@perl.org to be analysed by the Perl porting team.</p>

<p>If the bug you are reporting has security implications which make it inappropriate to send to a publicly archived mailing list, then see <a href="perlsec.html#SECURITY-VULNERABILITY-CONTACT-INFORMATION">&quot;SECURITY VULNERABILITY CONTACT INFORMATION&quot; in perlsec</a> for details of how to report the issue.</p>

<h1 id="Give-Thanks"><a class="permalink" href="perl5281delta.html#Give-Thanks">#</a><a id="Give"></a>Give Thanks</h1>

<p>If you wish to thank the Perl 5 Porters for the work we had done in Perl 5, you can do so by running the <code>perlthanks</code> program:</p>

<pre><code class="plaintext">perlthanks</code></pre>

<p>This will send an email to the Perl 5 Porters list with your show of thanks.</p>

<h1 id="SEE-ALSO"><a class="permalink" href="perl5281delta.html#SEE-ALSO">#</a><a id="SEE"></a>SEE ALSO</h1>

<p>The <i>Changes</i> file for an explanation of how to view exhaustive details on what changed.</p>

<p>The <i>INSTALL</i> file for how to build Perl.</p>

<p>The <i>README</i> file for general stuff.</p>

<p>The <i>Artistic</i> and <i>Copying</i> files for copyright information.</p>


      </div>
      <div id="footer">
        <p>Perldoc Browser is maintained by Dan Book (<a href="https://metacpan.org/author/DBOOK">DBOOK</a>). Please contact him via the <a href="https://github.com/Grinnz/perldoc-browser/issues">GitHub issue tracker</a> or <a href="mailto:dbook@cpan.org">email</a> regarding any issues with the site itself, search, or rendering of documentation.</p>

<p>The Perl documentation is maintained by the Perl 5 Porters in the development of Perl. Please contact them via the <a href="https://github.com/Perl/perl5/issues">Perl issue tracker</a>, the <a href="https://lists.perl.org/list/perl5-porters.html">mailing list</a>, or <a href="https://kiwiirc.com/client/irc.perl.org/p5p">IRC</a> to report any issues with the contents or format of the documentation.</p>


      </div>
    </div>
    <script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/jquery/3.5.1/jquery.slim.min.js" integrity="sha512-/DXTXr6nQodMUiq+IUJYCt2PPOUjrHJ9wFrqpJ3XkgPNOZVfMok7cRw6CSxyCQxXn6ozlESsSh1/sMCTF1rL/g==" crossorigin="anonymous"></script>
    <script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/popper.js/1.16.1/umd/popper.min.js" integrity="sha512-ubuT8Z88WxezgSqf3RLuNi5lmjstiJcyezx34yIU2gAHonIi27Na7atqzUZCOoY4CExaoFumzOsFQ2Ch+I/HCw==" crossorigin="anonymous"></script>
    <script src="https://stackpath.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/4.5.2/js/bootstrap.min.js" integrity="sha384-B4gt1jrGC7Jh4AgTPSdUtOBvfO8shuf57BaghqFfPlYxofvL8/KUEfYiJOMMV+rV" crossorigin="anonymous"></script>
    <script src="../highlight.pack.js"></script>
    <script>hljs.highlightAll();</script>
  </body>
</html>
